Charles Bukowski Essay - 783 Words

Henry Charles Bukowski writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambience of Los Angeles. He left home after his father read some of his stories and went berserk, destroying his output and throwing his possessions out onto the lawn, a lawn that the young Bukowski had to mow weekly and would be beaten for if the grass wasnt perfectly cut. Bukowski was born in 1920 in Andernach, Germany. He died on March 9, 1994 in San Pedro, California. He was a German American poet, novelist, and story writer. Bukowski wrote thousands of poems, hundreds of short stories and six novels, eventually publishing over sixty books. He had a bad history with hospitals; he had to undergo three treatments for removal of separate skin cancers,†¦show more content†¦This allows the reader to slow down and not to speed up like people usually do in poems that rhyme. When you read his poem it almost makes you want to slow down and read it in a calm voice, to make you think about each and every word he wrote. The metaphors he uses are significant because they convey a certain theme and make it clear as to what he is talking about. The metaphor makes the mood more understandable, because people debate that you should give second chances but he is saying he rather leave the past untouched. Hence the purpose for this line, â€Å"I refuse to let any of my old movies play over and over again for years.† The metaphor makes his tone sound assertive and sure of all the decisions he has made. For example this line let’s people know that he is not like others because of the metaphor and his choice for punctuation marks â€Å"I know some people who can watch the same movie more than once. Not me.† I selected this poet out of the thousands even millions of poets there are because I felt like he was the most realist. Bukowski wrote on about what was going on in the world which he lived in like no other. He wrote about portrayal of life in general and Los Ang eles in particular, his usually self-referential, often angry poetry and prose typically depicts alcoholics, drug addicts, criminals, prostitutes, and other outcasts. I love the fact that most of the poems I read, he didn’t try to rhyme, and he just tried to tell things as they were.Show MoreRelated Charles Bukowski Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages Charles Bukowski was a hero to some while a degenerate to others. He found beauty in the ugliest aspects of life. He spoke of violence and drunkenness, and did it with pride. In â€Å"My Madness† Bukowski has created an opinion on life that’s raw, vulgar, and to the point. He had a non-sympathetic attitude in this passage and a non-sympathetic attitude in his life. Bukowski employs no purpose to create a purpose in his literature that inspires the reader with his loud and outspoken style. He tells ofRead MoreCharles Bukowski: Cynical Critic1054 Words   |  5 Pages The poems of Charles Bukowski arose from the gutters of society, venting his personal experiences with a dark, but often humorous narrative. Despite his disgust towards social conformity and the American government, Bukowski is still generally considered an iconic figure in American literature. A contradiction to Bukowski’s anti-American opinions is made by his emphasis on the values of freedom and independence in his poems: yellow cab, I have shit stains in my underwear too, and quiet clean girlsRead MoreCharles Bukowski s Ham On Rye906 Words   |  4 Pages Adolf Hitler wasn’t always accepted and was an outcast when he was younger, which made him want control of the world. There are literatures where characters express this need. Charles Bukowski’s book Ham on Rye presents the need for acceptance and control through the life of Henry Chinaski. Every one wants to feel accepted, but most importantly being accepted by their family. Henry Chinaski isn’t accepted by his family and lives a life full of neglect. Henry is constantly getting beat from hisRead MoreEssay on The Poetic Style of Henry Charles Bukowski662 Words   |  3 Pages Henry Charles Bukowski Poetry is the art of rhythmical composition written or spoken for exciting pleasure by beauty imaginative or elevated thought. It is also literary work in metrical form. By definition, a poet is a person how composes poetry. The relationship between poetry and the late Henry Charles Bukowski is equivalent to that of a professional ice skater and the ice that he skates on . By the same token, it comparedRead MoreRichard Van Camp s The Night Charles Bukowski Died 1356 Words   |  6 Pagesupon by society as a whole. Richard Van Camp’s short story ‘The Night Charles Bukowski Died’ is a prime example of the dangers of nonconformity to stereotypically manly traits. The story is an intense first person stream of consciousness from the point of view of an unnamed narrator that follows the narrator and three of his peers: Mikey, Jason, and Scott. The use of metaphor, point of view, and setting in â€Å"The Night Charles Bukowski Died† exposes h ow stereotypical expectations of manhood can lead toRead MoreSpark by Charles Bukowski784 Words   |  4 PagesSpark By Charles Bukowski Charles Bukowski is a deceased German aspired writer. His poem ‘Spark’ tells the story of a working man who feels like he’s been restricted by society’s boundaries. Falling in deep depression the man contemplates suicide; however a ‘spark’ inside of him potentially saves his life giving him hope to continue living. The poem ‘Spark’ is a reflection of Bukowski’s life as it tells of the same experiences the persona of the poem goes through compared to Bukowski. The manRead MoreEssay on Lesson of the Evils of Liquor1619 Words   |  7 Pagesdont like jail? Naw, they got the wrong kind of bars in there. - Charles Bukowski Beer is good food. - Anonymous Its better to have beer in hand than gas in tank. - Anonymous Life is too short to drink cheap beer. - Anonymous Beer: its not just for breakfast anymore. - Anonymous Beer: Natures laxative. - Anonymous Beer: If you cant taste it, why bother! - Anonymous All other nations are drinking Ray Charles beer and we are drinking Barry Manilow. - Dave Barry When I heatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Words Of Protest And On The Birth Of My Son By Malcolm Coltrane1612 Words   |  7 Pagespoint in time, there were a number of poems written depicting the heavy emotions that were felt during this era. In this section, there is a significant range in diversity among the highlighted poets, whether it is through gender or race. Both Charles Bukowski and Julius Lester depict their experience of this point in time during the civil rights era in their respective poems, â€Å"finish† and â€Å"On The Birth Of My Son, Malcolm Coltrane.† Both poems represent a unique point of view from each author, dueRead MoreAnalysis of Bluebird Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Analysis of Bluebird English A. Bluebird is a poem written by the modern poet Charles Bukowski and published in 1992 in Bukowski’s collection of poems titled â€Å"The Last Night of the Earth Poems†. The poem is about the vulnerability, innermost torment and the suppression of an emotional and fragile personality symbolized through the image of a Bluebird hidden inside the speakers mind. The composition of the poem is very loose with only two stanzas and a lot of verse lines, some of whichRead MoreSon of Satan1021 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis and interpretation of Charles Bukowski’s short story â€Å"Son of Satan†. Rebellious behavior of today’s youth and vulgar vocabulary in early age can be developed by domestic violence, economic hardship and the loneliness caused by paternal indifference. This short story shows how important a good parenting and upbringing is and to maintain an image in front of your child, because the fact is that you become like your parents. The short story takes place in America and the reader gets the

The Advent of Imperialism Essay - 2934 Words

The Advent of Imperialism We live in a world today in which the consequences of nineteenth-century Western imperialism are still being felt. By about 1914 Western civilization reached the high point of its long-standing global expansion. This expansion in this period took many forms. There was, first of all, economic expansion. Europeans invested large sums of money abroad, building railroads and ports, mines and plantations, factories and public utilities. Trade between nations grew greatly and a world economy developed. Between 1750 and 1900 the gap in income disparities between industrialized Europe and America and the rest of the world grew at an astounding rate. Part of this was due, first, to†¦show more content†¦Competition for trade, superior military force, European power politics, and a racist belief in European superiority were among the most important. Some Europeans bitterly criticized imperialism as a betrayal of Western ideals of freedom and equality. Western imperialism produced various reactions in Africa and Asia. The first response was simply to try to drive the foreigners away. The general failure of this traditionalist response then led large masses to accept European rule, which did bring some improvements. A third response was the modernist response of Western-educated natives, who were repelled by Western racism and attracted by Western ideals of national independence and economic progress. Thus, imperialism and reactions to it spread Western civilization to non-Western lands. The great test of Western Imperialism is Asia, where vast peoples live, the inheritors of civilisations as complex as our own, more ancient and more firmly rooted by enduring custom in the general life. The races of Africa it has been possible to regard as savages or children, backward in their progress along the same general road of civilisation in which Anglo-Saxondom represents the vanguard, and requiring the help of more forward races. It is not so easy to make a specious case for Western control over India, China, and other Asiatic peoples upon the same ground. Save in the more recentShow MoreRelatedThe Motives Behind Us Overseas Imperialism915 Words   |  4 Pages 1. What were the motivations behind US overseas imperialism? Numerous motivating factors contributed to US overseas imperialism, but the fundamental underlying cause was the fact that powerful men within the US government, military and business strata craved power, expansion, wealth, and most of all, world dominance. It began subtly, as prominent businessmen like Rockefeller and J. P. Morgan began to realize that US consumership alone would not sufficiently sustain the growing industries, volumeRead MoreThe Grand Scheme of the New Imperialism1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sake of the mother country, which greatly influenced the respective aspects. The European or the new Imperialism is a movement, which brought the worldwide effect of white supremacy. As far as the ideas of historians are concerned, new Imperialism was the product of economic rationale. It is obvious that every nation looks forward to uplift their economic status. Although the new Imperialism was a product of economic rational, it was largely justified for social and political reasons such as â€Å"civilizingRead MoreSummary : Sm And Imperialism1455 Words   |  6 Pagessm and imperialism are two topics that have been seen as an inseparable pairing in history and economics. Even today, both of their legacies live on– they are what brought east Asia and Europe closer together (eventually, after their policies greatly damaged– and in some places erased– the existing ideas in these areas) and are the entire reason a majority of the United States population are of European or African descent– rather than indigenous americans– or that Iberian languages are spoken inRead MoreImperial Expansion : Conquer Or Be Conquered1212 Words   |  5 PagesUpon the advent of the Industrial Revolution, European states shifted toward increased stability after years of internal conflict. With wealth, technology, and Nationalism, the age of imperialism commenced and western expansion yielded tremendous prosperity. While some criticized imp erialism for its negligible morality, no one could deny the positive outcome for the West. Numerous selections from Documents in World History show that leaders from India, Africa, and China considered imperialism destructiveRead MoreEffects Of Ww1 On South And East Asia1285 Words   |  6 PagesBritain made Japan wealthier and gained them more land. In addition, The Great Depression was seen as an economic change because when it took place the value of Japanese exports decreased. In China there’s a fight for imperialism, as in India where there is a fight to remove imperialism; causing major effects on South and East Asia. The ending of World War 1 had drastic effects on the world causing some countries in South and East Asia to form a new government. One of those effects includedRead MoreThe Ideals of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao, and Stalin Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesthe working class and the Communist Party these classes unite to create their own state and elect their own government so as to enforce their dictatorship over the henchmen of imperialism† (207). This mean that until the violent revolution takes place, the state is designed to spread and protect communism from imperialism. When the rest of the world is in uniform as a communistic society the state will no longer exist. The state has to come to an end threw violence. Lenin states, â€Å"It cannot be replacedRead MoreFascist Italy, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan1741 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of fascism where the willingness to create a collective conscious of nationhood was justified through imperialism. Indeed, the importance of nationalism within Fascist culture would greatly affect the foreign policies of Italy, Germany, and Japan during the 1930s and 1940s. World War one had brought about revolutionary changes in the nature of war, society, and technology, where the advent of total war and mass mobilization showed the potential of a unified community run by the state. FascistsRead More Symbols, Setting, and Ironies of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1201 Words   |  5 Pagesexploration, imperialism and colonialism, race relations, the attempt to find meaning in the universe while trying to get at the mysteries of the subconscious mind. Heart of Darkness is a vivid portrayal of European imperialism.   The book in other words is a story about European acts of imperial mastery (1503)-its methods, and the effects it has on human nature-and it is presumable that Conrad incorporates much of his own experience in the Congo and his opinions about imperialism into the storyRead MoreChinese Imm igration Of The United States985 Words   |  4 Pagesover the British Empire (1837-1901), the rising international influence of Russia, the slow collapse of the Ottoman Empire following the Crimean War (1853-1856), the faltering control over Latin America by Spain, as well as the growth of European Imperialism and trade in Southeast Asia. In addition, the growth of market capitalism and international trade dominated by corporations such as the East India Company increased western influence in China and exacerbated its financial problems. For the BritishRead MoreThe Rise Of Zionism And Arab Nationalism1407 Words   |  6 Pagescentury triggered major political tensions in the region of Palestine. The conflict among the Zionists and Arab Nationalists is primarily due to the politics of territory and is essentially not comprised of religious opposition. In fact, before the advent of Zionism and Arab Nationalism, Jews and Palestinians shared a local identity due to mutual tolerances. This identity, which took precedence over religion, created a vivacious community with its own unique set of traditions and customs shared among

Japanese Systems of 5s free essay sample

5S Visual Workplace Pays for itself in the time and money youll save hunting for necessary supplies, tools, files and equipment later. The 5S system will give you benefits that are quickly visible in your workspace and your bottom line. S Workplace Scan Checklist Quick and Visible Results 5s: Improves on-time delivery Improves quality/reduced defects Increases productivity Reduces lead times Reduces waste in materials, space and time Reduces inventory and storage costs Reduces changeover time Ђ Reduces equipment downtime Improves safety The 5 ss The 5S system is based on the English translations of five Japanese words. They are: 1 . Sort through and sort out: Clean out the work area, keeping what is necessary in the work area, relocating or discarding what is not. . Set in order and set limits: Arrange needed items so they are easy to find, use and return, to streamline production and eliminate time searching for them. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Systems of 5s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Shine and inspect through cleaning: Clean and care for equipment and areas, and inspect while doing so. 4. Standardize: Make all work areas similar so procedures are obvious and instinctual, and defects stand out. 5. Sustain: Make these rules natural and instinctual. Once they are habits, the total benefits of 5S will be reaped The system as a whole creates a workspace that allows for minimized waste. Not only do the five steps help to ensure that time will be spent doing more productive activities, but it also reduces the chance of error, rework and injury which are all high cost activities. Bring our Experts to Your Floor WMEP manufacturing specialists have many years of real-world experience in anufacturing businesses and have brought 5S and other lean manufacturing techniques to hundreds of manufacturers around the state. They understand specifically how 5S manufacturing can work for you and what obstacles you will have to overcome to achieve results. Their hands-on experience makes them valuable resources for you on your road to becoming a lean manufacturer. For help in making your workplace safer, more profitable and a better place for all, please call us at ( 877) 800-2085. Or spend a day at one ot our workshops in order to tind mprovements you can make with 5S. 5S WORKSHOP out more about The 5S workshop provides detailed training in the techniques of sort, set aside, shine, standardize and sustain. This workshop will provide you with specific strategies for making sustainable improvements in your work place so that you can take the strategies back to your company and begin implementing them immediately. To insure that your specific manufacturing issues can be addressed within the workshop, our workshops are taught by manufacturing specialists with years of hands-on experience. The goal is to teach you the techniques that will create the most impact on your unique situation. We want you to see a direct return on your investment from each and every workshop you attend. 5S is a key component of Lean Manufacturing and can produce dramatic, measurable results in a short period of time. The whole production and operations teams including CEOs, presidents, production managers and people on the shop floor will benefit from 5S. Sending a team to a 5S workshop gets everyone started on the same path and allows you to organize a team to work on your 5S efforts.

Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters Essay Example

Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters? Paper Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters? More people choose to transpose than conveying their ain vehicles. As a consequence, the figure of commuters is increasing. Due to assorted Numberss of commuters, PUVs are non plenty to suit all of them. Every minute, there are tonss of commuters are going/coming in the terminus to go to their finish but the job is, they are waiting for the following trip of the coachs, new waves, other PUVs to get in the terminuss. And to believe, some public vehicles like coachs have the interval of 30 proceedingss to travel on to the following trip. It is non a good thought. Have you of all time experienced waiting so long for PUVs in the terminuss? It is deadening, annoying, and at the same clip, palling right? So, authorities should do a move on how this sort of job will be traveling to work out. They should allow the colorum vehicles to go. We will write a custom essay sample on Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should colorum vehicles be allowed to be used by commuters? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The intent of allowing colorum vehicles to go is that commuters are normally tardily. First of all, most Filipinos are go forthing at first-come-first-serve hr. We should accept it, because it is the world. They are naming it â€Å" Filipino Time â€Å" because that’s our character. It is on our nature, we are ever pressured and tense because we are running out of clip. Typically, they will get to their specific finish already tardily because of traffics. When it is first-come-first-serve hr, expect heavy traffics everyplace because maximal Numberss of vehicles travel/going in different topographic points and vehicles can non travel fast because it is bumper to bumper. The traffic will devour all of your clip because you are stocked in the center of it. In fact, there is an incident that it is non traveling for like several proceedingss and sometimes, hours. But with the colorum vehicles, you are exempted on traffics and you will non see it because normally, colorum are go f orthing early so that they will be free from it. Another thing is the entree of riders. We all know that coach, new waves, landrovers and other public public-service corporation vehicles can non suit the figure of riders because it is increasing and increasing each twenty-four hours base on balls. Some commuters are standing at coach merely to do it in category and in work on clip. Even misss and seniors, they are taking the hazards. They don’t mind how long they are traveling to stand because what’s on their head is that they don’t want to be tardily because at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, they were the 1 who will endure. And to believe, others are coming from different states. Imagine how many hours they are traveling to stand, it is really exhausting. Those long thrusts and long travel clip will allow their energy go down. How can they prolong their energy for the remainder of the twenty-four hours? They will experience sleepy and they can non concentrate on the certain undertaking and end they nee d to make for the twenty-four hours because they get tired early in the forenoon and the temper that they will traveling to show is negative like acquiring annoyed, angry, annoyed and irritated. Colorums can besides utilize alternate paths when traveling on a trip. They can avoid heavy traffics. Normally, public vehicles that are registered have specific paths that they are traveling to utilize. If they take on different paths merely to avoid the traffic, they will acquire caught by the traffic hatchet mans or MMDA to be exact. They will confront the effects that they have made because they violated the regulations of the MMDA. MMDA is really rigorous when it comes to PUVs because largely they were the 1 who normally gets caught up. They are ever acquiring the attending of the MMDA because of the things that they are making. You will merely see PUVs stopped on the side and hatchet mans are speaking to them. Because of that, they will be prohibited to go for a few yearss. If they are banned, they won’t have income for yearss. They won’t have boundary for yearss. Boundary is the term that PUV drivers used and it refers to the money they will take on the precise t wenty-four hours or in other words, their wage. Some Filipinos are non in favour in leting the colorum vehicles to go and to be used by commuters. Other PUVs’ operators say that they don’t have the rights to do a trip because they are non registered. I understand what they are indicating out. However, it is for the benefit of commuters. They will non endure at waiting for following trip and waiting for long lines. Normally, commuters don’t have any auto to convey or sit on it so what they will make is to transpose. They don’t have any pick sing on it. They can non walk or even convey bike alternatively of transposing because they are non allowed to come in freewaies when walking or siting in a bike. The lone thing that the freeway allowed is when you are on vehicle. If they will non let the colorums to go, the commuters who ever ride on the colorums will be stressed because they are used to it and it’s comfy for them. They will happen another drive and another topographic point because the topogr aphic point where they are siting before is gone and the vehicle that they are traveling to sit is banned and it is because of some Filipinos who are non in favour of it. Many argue that colorums are the 1 who causes traffic. They say that because of colorums, they are sing heavy traffic. I understand their point of position. However, if colorums will be banned, the figure of commuters will increase one time once more. The lines will be longer compared to the clip that there are colorums. Plus the drivers will endure a batch because they don’t have occupation any longer. Not merely the drivers but their households, if they have any or if they are the breadwinner of their household. Where will they acquire money merely to prolong their demands for the twenty-four hours? Where they can happen occupations if they didn’t alumnus? They can, but non all of them and it can take them for hebdomads or months merely to happen another occupation. See? Those who argue are merely believing on themselves and the things that will profit them. Why non seek to believe on the possible effects on both parties and seek to reflect. It will be O.K. if the 1 w ho argues are traveling to prolong the demands of the drivers. But they can non make it and they will non make it. Others say that they are non registered on the LTFRB and it is unjust to those who are registered. I understand what they are indicating out. However, the colorum operators are merely wise plenty and really practical in their life. They know how to manage their life in general. If they are registered in the LTFRB, are we certain that the franchise in operating that they are traveling to pay is in good custodies? Or those LTFRB members will merely maintain it and utilize it for their ain? Largely, they will merely maintain it because we all know that the Filipino Government is making this pattern. Even if they are non stating it to us, we can calculate it out by merely seeing the roads. Some roads are already broken and have deep holes. You can see signage that has cautiousnesss. The authorities will non do action right off ; it will take hebdomads merely to work out that job. Finally, authorities should approve the usage of colorum vehicles. It is one manner that commuters can be comfy on the trips because they can sit, loosen up or even sleep at the colorum vehicles. They will non see standing and waiting for their bend to sit on the public vehicles and it will be stress-free for them. It is really convenient to them. Without colorum vehicles, there will be negative effects to the commuters and they will endure a batch.

Societies Realization Of Rock Essays - Elvis Presley,

Societies Realization Of Rock Societies realization of Rock by Karen The cultural establishment of the 50's was one of prosperity and rules. Authority figures were respected. There was a right and wrong. There were accepted ways of doing things and white people did what was expected of their class. Children and teenagers of the early '50's followed these rules obediently and unquestioningly. Then the middle '50's changed lives of Americans forever. They invented rock'n'roll. The establishment, which included parents, teachers and nearly ALL adults listened to Bill Haley and the? Comets send Rock Around the Clock though transistor radios everywhere in the country. He was different. But it was when Elvis hit the scene that the white establishment in every city and town started to worry. Elvis had long hair and sideburns and looked like a hood. He was a white guy that sang like a black guy. His appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show was so controversial that it was reported he had to be photographed from the waist up. Elvis represented rebellion and something unnatural and obscene. Although fearful, the establishment predicted that rock'n'roll was a fad that would fade away. But it didn't. American teenagers loved the rebel style of Elvis. He represented a break from the rules; he sang a new kind of music that was theirs alone. He personified cool. Elvis crossed the lines of age, class, race and culture in a country that was conservative and correct. He was seen as a delinquent type and was even linked to atheism and communism (although it was later learned of his strong religious and patriotic convictions). The adults were certain that society would become Communistic and certainly was already becoming vulgar and obscene. The country would be doomed. We have parallels today: rap and punk rock are good examples of this. The kids who are in to defy society's rules with colored hair, body piercing, dress and activities such as moshing. Many of us look at these kids with a fearful eye wondering what kind will come out of this. Some say this behavior will mold our future's society into a country of irresponsible misfits. Yes it DOES sound familiar, doesn't it! Music Essays

Are all instincts random and arbitrary

Are all instincts random and arbitrary Human instincts are the innate characteristics that determine specific behaviors while instincts are innate abilities of human beings or animals, which enable them to adapt to diverse and changing environmental conditions for survival purposes. Human beings or animals respond to unique environments depending on the instincts that direct them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Are all instincts random and arbitrary? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when a baby is born, the instinctive responses are crying and sucking, which enable the baby to attract attention of the mother and satisfy hunger respectively. In animals, young ones of birds display instinctive behavior of flying without prior experience. These instinctive behaviors emanate from innate characteristics. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristic behaviors, not all of them are random and arbitrary. Although environment modi fies some instinctive behaviors, others emanate exclusively from the innate characteristics. According to nativists, â€Å"all aspects of human behavior are instinctive and humans have inbuilt instinctive behaviors that are genetically determined †¦ we are born with certain core capabilities and knowledge that provide the basic the basic structure of learning† (Spink 2). Genes are responsible for the specific instincts that are unique to human beings or animals. Within species, instincts are similar due to the similarity of genetic information. On the other hand, species’ variability of instincts occurs due to the diversity of genetic information. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristics, they can never be random and arbitrary because the genetic information dictates them. The genetic makeup defines specific instincts relative to their application in nature. Human beings portray instinctive behaviors that are not arbitrary. For instance, all babies have instinctive behavior of suckling in order to satisfy their hunger. Spink argues that, â€Å"babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking, it is an innate or instinctive behavior† (1). This shows that sucking is a natural instinct, not arbitrary, because all babies have the innate ability of doing it. If the ability of the babies to breastfeed were a random instinct, then, some babies would be unable to breastfeed while others would learn in order to breastfeed properly. Therefore, the ability of babies to breastfeed instinctively and in a uniform manner means that instincts are specific rather than random in controlling human behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Language development in human beings is instinctive because children can develop it without learning. An informati on behavior is an instinctive process of language development. According to Spink, â€Å"†¦it is a cognitive process that is not taught, but is innate to humans as people are able to consciously understand that they need to undertake behavior processes of information finding, organizing, and using to make sense of their environment (2). Therefore, language development can never be an arbitrary process since human beings use rational and logical minds to understand their environment and to generate information. Animals also depict that, instincts link intricately with the innate characteristic behaviors. For example, all birds have instinctive ability to fly due to innate characteristics of their genes. A young bird begins to fly when wings’ muscles mature while the instincts drive the bird to fly. If the instincts were random and arbitrary, some birds would not be flying while others would have unique abilities such as walking instead of flying. Therefore, not all insti ncts are random and arbitrary because they are innate and specific in their functions. Spink, Amanda. â€Å"Instinct Versus Environment.† Springer Journal of information  Behavior 11.85. (2010): 1-10.

Strategic Human Resource Management - Assignment

Strategic Human Resource Management - - Assignment Example Other major functions include the recruiting of employees, staffing the departments that are short staffed and also focuses on employee development through organizing trainings to enhance employee competence at the work place (Wolper 2004, p. 286). The other critical role of the human resource department is to maintain the employees through manpower planning by ascertaining how many employees an organization would need in the future and the skills that they should have (Krishnaveni 2008, p. 102). Based on this, there are varying views on the role of a human resource function and those that practice it in which this essay will delve into them and also analyze how they can be able to add value and enhance the effectiveness of an organization. The human resource function under the guidance of the human resource manager ensures that an organization implements policies and procedures across all the departments to ensure that there is cohesiveness in the same. As the name suggests, this function manages the most important asset to an organization, which is the work capital in which most of these carry out the same functions as much as they may differ in size and in structure. Ideally, this is the most basic function of the human resource department because a company cannot function without having a capable and competent workforce that is able to execute all the tasks effectively. According to the Information Resources Management Association (2012, p. 373), this department is tasked with creating job descriptions to which new employees are to occupy and also create the responsibilities that they would be charged with so as to foster the success of an organization. As part of the recruitment, the HR department has the responsibility of interviewing and hiring the right people for the job descriptions that they have created depending on their skills and competencies that the

The life of a Geriatric Person Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The life of a Geriatric Person - Research Paper Example Although they were not poor, they did not enjoy the luxuries of life. Education was the most important thing for her mother. She said that if she wanted a new dress, her mom would ask her, â€Å"What is more important, the dress or being able to go to school?† This question has made her realize the value of education. Often, she said, she would ask the same question to her grandchildren who would ask for the latest gadget from their parents. She hopes that her grandchildren too would realize the importance of education. In order to graduate in college, she had to take odd jobs since her father passed away when she was just in high school. Her mother could not afford to pay for their schooling. She worked as a sales clerk at a bookstore. It was this job that developed her love for books. During lean hours at the store, she would often get a book to read. This job also was also instrumental in her pursuit for a college degree. At age 22, she married the love of her life, Roger who was a classmate from college. She had eight wonderful children from the marriage. Even with eight children, she was able to balance her time as a wife, mother and a supervisor at a multi-national company. She considered her life at that time difficult because financial problems would always set in. Her husband was an ordinary salesman and her earnings as an employee was not enough to feed eight children. It was not easy, but with God’s help, they always survived whatever crisis they faced. But in 1980, the greatest tragedy happened to her. Roger suddenly died of a heart attack. She said that was the lowest point in her life. She was left alone to support her children who were all still in school, except for one who was working already. But again, relying on God’s help and the support of her family, she was able to overcome that obstacle. She is now savoring the fruits of her labor. She now has eight professional ch ildren. All are happily married and

History of Clubs Playing Foreign League Cups Essay

History of Clubs Playing Foreign League Cups - Essay Example Cardiff, one of the main welsh clubs have been in the FA Cup competitions all through. The most remarkable period for the club was in 1920s when they ended up as runners to Hunder field Town FC during the 1924 football league first division on goal differences. This was followed by two FA Cup finals in the year 1925 where they took on Sheffield United. The team's spirit for competing in the English FA Cup did not end there, in 1927, Cardiff took on Arsenal at the final and went on to emerge the winner of the cup. It become the first and only team ever to snatch the FA Cup out of England after the 1-0 win over finalists and English footfall giants Arsenal. The match had also caused much enthusiasm since it was the first game that BBC radio had ever broadcasted to the whole country. This win gave Cardiff much psyche to keep on participating in the FA Cup after other teams had withdrawn. Swansea City and Cardiff city are the only Welsh clubs that have participated at the high level of the English soccer. They both took part in the Country's FA Cup and Division One. During the 1914-1915 season competitions of Southern League, Cardiff finished in the third position. The league was however suspended following the out burst of the world War One. The club also finished fourth in their last season in the Southern League on some hostilities cessation, before it was promoted to football league second division as the most competitive club in Wales. The other southern league clubs later on formed the football league third division. Wrexham, another welsh club that has been in the English side, started their journey to join the English competitions back in 1905 when they beat Kidderminster Harrier and finished sixth in the Birmingham District league. It was... The researcher discusses the issue when some Welsh teams to take part in the English FA Cup. It is stated that during its creation the English league was named the football league. This was because it was meant to allow football teams from other countries in the United Kingdom to take part in the FA cup competitions. The teams started to take part in the FA cup after EUFA allowed clubs to play in the other countries league in early1900. Although the clubs were allowed to play in the English league they could not participate in the European Cup since any team must get the ticket to the league through its domestic league. This decision has hindered the teams from taking part in the European league for that time thus most of them withdrew from the English FA cup competitions and started to play the Welsh League instead for a chance to venture in the European cup. The FA Cup is one of the most competitive in England attracting teams in all levels including the English football super powe rs who have been taking part in all major competitions in the continent. The Welsh clubs, if therefore would win the FA cup in the country would have climbed to high level in the world of football thus get better chance to market themselves as well as the players. A winner of the FA cup meets the premiership champion in the community shield and also gets a direct entry into the European cup competitions. It is concluded that this provides the clubs the best chance to climb to lime light in football competition.

Unilever and Coke: Impact on the Environment and Workers

Unilever and Coke: Impact on the Environment and Workers A multinational corporation or MNC is a large joint stock company or a firm that has operations and assets in at least one foreign country other than its home country. They are characterized by having multi product portfolio, worldwide market, selling billions of worth goods services, large consumer base, worldwide competitors, global perspective, large RD base, employing thousands of workers globally, with only one motive i.e. Profit making. According to recent statistics the combined sales of top 200 MNC’s were around 28% of world’s GDP. Least developing country, or LDC’s, symbolise the weakest section of the international economic community comprising of almost 12% of world population, about 880 million people, accounting for only 2% world GDP 1% global trade (UN-OHRLLS). These countries are lacking in infrastructure, have poor economy inadequate industrial base, large population below poverty line. As per the 2012 UN list, there are 48 least developed coun tries in the world with countries like Africa, Latin America being a part of the list. A multinational companies’ primary motive is to reap profits by employing cheaper, efficient and reliable resources, for which LDC’s or developing economies are ideal as they are economically weak, burdened by unemployment, debt and structural instability. To woo these investors and bring in FDI, the governments lower trade restrictions and give a free reign to the country’s resources to boost their weak economy. While MNC’S are perceived as a positive force that bring employment, economic growth, better technology living standards in the developing economies, but their greed for profit maximisation has led them to exploit the natural resources, human resource, and environment of these developing countries. Coke and its Impact on India’s Economy, Natural resource (water), Environment India’s Reliance on Coke: The worldwide markets in 1990’s for soft drinks industry was shrinking and Coca Cola faced a shrinking market in the US and EU as the western consumer got more health conscious and started banning such products. The market focus shifted to India as it was a developing market with a large middle class population base. Coke returned back to India in 1993 and invested more than 1 billion US$ in 10 years’ time making it the country’s top international investor. With a record growth of â€Å"16% sales volume in India in 2012, 59 bottling operations, 21 contract packers manufacturers, 700,000 retail outlets†, (The Coca-Cola Company) Coke has created millions of jobs through its contract manufacturing, procurement, supply, and distribution networks. The company plans to â€Å"invest another $5 billion† to double its revenue and volume by 2020 making it one of the most promising MNC to boost the Indian economy. (The Coca-Col a Company) Access to natural Resources: Coca Cola, the American multinational invested in India to reap heavy profits and gets access to cheap ground water, low extraction and labour cost. Coca-Cola extracts about 2.5 million litres of water/day, equivalent to meet the basic needs of 100,000 residents every day (India Resource Centre).The use of ground water for bottling Coke and its products in various regions in India has led to drought leading to inability of farmers to continue farming. Indians face extreme water shortages due to unequal distribution of water and also because it’s a highly agrarian economy where 70% people rely on agriculture (Srivastava, 2008). Coke’s plant in Kala Dera, Rajasthan, has caused severe water shortages resulting in depletion of groundwater levels. TERI (The Energy Resources Institute), India’s largest NGO, in its report in 2008 said that in the peak summer months of its production, the plant accounted for using 8% of water extraction with in 2 km radius of the plant making it non-sustainable. Another bottling plant in Kerala, Palakkad, draws 1.5 million litres of water daily (Arjun Sen, The Statesman) resulting in drying up of irrigation wells and producing thousands of gallons of toxic sludge (BBC). Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited (HCCBPL), the bottling partner of Coke India, has a plant near Mehdiganj, UP. The plant’s annual requirement is 50,000 cubic metres of water, and uses 2 bore wells of depths 103 and 137 meters, drawing almost 12,290 cubic meters/month of water during its peak season (Central Groundwater Authority, India). As part of ‘Replenishment Policy’, the company has initiated 400 rainwater harvesting projects to restore groundwater resources, provide potable water to over 100 schools, restored traditional water bodies and is pioneering sustainable agricultural practices. Coca Cola also installed Rain Water Harvesting systems in 39 SOS children’s villages in it s bid to give back the water they are using. Environmental impact – A multinationals’ primary aim is profit and utilisation of production practices that are cheap and efficient, even though they might have a negative impact on environment. The contaminated farmlands comprising of toxic-laden waste and unacceptable levels of pesticides in Coke products, leaves toxic environmental footprints in India. Coca Cola has been discharging its waste and effluent into the fields, rivers around the plant areas indiscriminately resulting in the pollution of ground water and soil, making the water of wells and hand pumps unfit for consumption. In Plachimada and Mehdiganj areas Coke distributed its waste to farmers as Fertilisers. Tests conducted by BBC found traces of cadmium and lead in the waste proving its toxicity. Coke products have been proved to have high level of pesticides including DDT, lindane and Malathion with the pesticides and insecticides averaging 0.0150 mg/l, 30 times higher than the European Economic Commissi on (EEC) limit (Pollution Monitoring Laboratory), infact Coke’s Ballia plant is located in an area with a severe contamination of arsenic in its groundwater. Coca-Cola has introduced various initiatives for sustainable supply of agricultural crops, green manufacturing and packaging practices to support the farmers in improved yields and to protect the natural resources across the supply chain. Project ‘Unnati’ in Chittoor, has piloted ultrahigh-density plantations (UHDP) in mango cultivation, to raise productivity, conserve water land resources and increase the incomes of around 25,000 small farmers covering 50,000 acres. Unilever and its Impact on Workers and Environment Impact on Workers: The Unilever can be found across 150 countries, it’s a trusted name in nutrition, hygiene and personal care. They have been in 3 key countries (Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya). Unilever has made an employee programme called, Lamplighter employee programme to improve the fitness, nutrition, and mental health of employees. (Employee Health, Nutrition Well-being.) This programme had already been used in 30 countries, reaching 35,000 people. In 2012, they restricted Smoking for employees whilst at work due to health issues, reaching a â€Å"100% compliance by 2013† (Employee Health, Nutrition Well-being.) According to the labour act, the maximum working hours is 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week. Also the employers working engaged in the harvesting the oil palms need to work on Saturdays but are paid twice the daily wage for working on Saturday. The wage paid to the workers in Ghana is relatively good as their â€Å"daily minimum wage in Ghana is  ¢13,200 (about â⠀š ¬1.25)† (Enu-Kwesi). Unilever’s labour act strictly prohibits the employment of children but the Ghana Employers Association (GEA) found children working in oil palms and rubber plantations. These children confront hazards like exposure to toxic substances, sexual abuse, violence, snake bites and accidents, such as from falling fruits, and cuts. Impact on Environment: Unilever is highly dependent on the environment as the raw materials it requires directly come from nature. According to Greenpeace, Unilever drives deforestation in Borneo by buying palm oil. Unilever is clearing the countrys rainforests, threatening native people and wildlife. Borneo is very important to Unilever because of the presence of palm oil, a common ingredient used in soaps and many other personal care products. Unilever purchases â€Å"1.3 million tons of palm oil each year.† (Hance, Jeremy.) Deforestation is endangering species and resulting in climate change through greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In Sumatra and Borneo, palm-oil expansion threatens elephants, tigers and rhinos, as well as orang-utans. (The Other Oil Spill.) However, Unilever has taken various initiatives to save the environment by reducing their emissions GHG in the atmosphere, with acts like reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport, they will achieve this by reduci ng truck mileage, employing alternative transport such as rail or ship. There has been â€Å"18% improvement in CO2 efficiency since 2010 and 7% reduction of CO2 emissions in 2013 compared to 2012.† (TARGETS PERFORMANCE.) As Unilever is the largest producer of ice cream, making their consumption of refrigerators very high, they have tried to reduce gas emissions from refrigerators by using the hydrocarbon climate friendly refrigerators. Unilever has already bought â€Å"1.5 million refrigerator, exceeding their target of 850,000 units.† (TARGETS PERFORMANCE.) Conclusion: While MNC’S are perceived as a positive force that bring employment, economic growth, better technology living standards in the developing countries, but their greed for profit maximisation has led them to exploit the natural resources, human resource, and environment of these developing countries. The overwhelming data proves that the MNC’s are indeed taking due advantage of the weak regulatory authority of these countries at the cost of human health, well-being global environment. In India, Coca Cola may claim to ‘replenish water’ but the glaring truth is reflected by drying hand pumps, bore wells, ponds low ground-water levels and the drying agricultural farms because of lack of irrigation water. The environmental initiatives taken by the company are motivated by the intent to improve the productivity and yields, rest are all side benefits. Rather than bringing in economic prosperity, Coca-Cola has managed to bring in environmental degradat ion, toxic dumping, economic and health problems in Indian communities. Similarly Unilever boasts of many environmental human initiatives but it cannot balance out the damage it’s causing to the environment and the human labour, especially children of these developing countries. Is blatant liberalisation the answer to all the problems of these developing countries? Does the blame of over exploitation lies only at the doorsteps of the MNC’s and not the local governments, who give a free reign to these MNC’s to boost their economies? Who is accountable for the human and environmental damage these companies are incurring? When will we see the real â€Å"Responsible Corporate Citizen MNC’s† that are dictated by a moral code and not just the profit mode?

This Is How I Am Prepaired for My Future

Most people have their future plans, dreams, things which they want to realize some day. Everyone dreams about interesting and satisfactory job with good salary, loving family, beautiful house and many friends. Future plans are often an escape from usual live for us. I often reflect on what kind of person I would like to be In the future and what my future life will look like. After 10th exam I want to study at the Delhi Polytechnic and rent a room in this city. I want to study computer science because it is very interesting subject for me and using a computer gives me great pleasure.When I finish studying In my opinion it is a very interesting and good job – nowadays many bosses search for workers well-educated in computer science and they pay them much money. I want to live In Delhi or Kanata the future. I think that living In a big city Is interesting and very comfortable because there are many meaner of transport, a lot of museums, theaters, cinemas where you can go In you r spare time. In Delhi, for example, there are also many cafes, restaurants, discos you can always find an interesting place.In big city there are many sorts of entertainment and you can meet a lot of people, Polish as well as foreigners. There are many good schools, when your children may be well-educated. In the future I want to spent much time with my family. I would like to have three children. I think that in the future I will adopt a child because in my opinion it is a disaster not to have parent's and family. When I collect enough money I will travel to other countries. I have always dreamt about going to Oneida or Bengal.

Reality and the Existence of God Essay

When Descartes decided to tear down his beliefs and start fresh, he needed a foundation upon which to build his ideology. When judging what reality is, God must be considered. He/she must be taken out of a religious concept and proven to exist, exist in a way in which we cannot be deceived into only thinking is real. The proof of the existence of God in this way forms the backbone of Descartes’ further forays into proving what is reality. God, being the supremely powerful, all-knowing all-seeing force that created the world and everything in it, was central in most 17th century philosophies. When investigating the importance of god in Descartes’ philosophy, one must first understand the science of the times. The basic principle of mechanism is that everything in the universe could eventually be explained in terms of mechanical laws, and with these laws there is no free will. The universe moves like a complex clock, with everything pre-determined and in accordance with the laws of matter. Pierre Simon de Laplace stated â€Å"We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of the past and the cause of the future. An intellect which at any given moment knew all of the forces that animate nature and the mutual positions of the beings that compose it, if this intellect were vast enough to submit the data to analysis, could condense into a single formula the movement of the greatest bodies of the universe and that of the lightest atom; for such an intellect nothing could be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes. † (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mechanism_%28philosophy%29) Unfortunately for mechanism, the mind is impossible to define in mechanical terms, as it is not a corporeal substance that can be measured. Descartes responds to this problem with dualism, saying that the mind is a â€Å"thinking thing† which is the essence of himself. This â€Å"thing† doubts, believes, hopes and thinks, all the while existing only in a metaphysical sense as a non-extended, thinking thing; while the body is a non-thinking, extended thing. With this he had a clear and distinct idea of both mind and body, and whatever he could conceive, God could create. This led him to believe that the mind could be separate from the body, a substance whose essence was thought. Thus the idea of dualism was founded by the existence of God. As Descartes did not completely agree with mechanism or materialism, he had to essentially obliterate all his beliefs, wipe his proverbial slate clean, and start again. To reevaluate what was real and what was false, Descartes had to doubt everything, including the existence of God, and if he/she exists, whether or not God was a deceiver. Descartes put forward the question of whether or not there are any attributes to the idea of God which couldn’t have originated in himself, God being â€Å"infinite, eternal, unchangeable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He came to the conclusion that none of these attributes could have come from him alone, as he possesses none of them. In this sense, God must exist. He then postulates the hierarchy argument, where the idea of God could not have been thought of by him, or man in general, as the attributes seen in God belong to some higher form. It does not matter that he cannot â€Å"grasp the infinite†, or touch the attributes of God as he himself is finite; the very nature of something being infinite is that it cannot be grasped by something finite. Thus, since the ideas of God are in some higher form, they must be the truest and most clear and distinct of all Descartes’ ideas. He then decided to ask how he could have received the idea of a perfect being from God, as he has never encountered such from the senses. He comes up with the idea of a craftsman, who, when he invents something, may fiddle and change parts of his creation as he chooses. The idea of God, in Descartes’ mind, could not be changed or interfered with; therefore he could not have created it himself. This leads to the belief in the idea of God being innate in him. He again uses the idea of a craftsman, with the idea of God as a â€Å"mark of the craftsman† stamped on his work, man. Descartes’ then postulated that he could not exist with the innate idea of God in his mind without God existing. This fostered his belief that God could not possibly be a deceiver, since for something to be fraudulent or deceitful it has to have some defect, which in God there is none. This began to form the foundation on which Descartes would continue to prove existence through methodical doubt. After he determined that yes, God exists, Descartes turned his attention to truth and falsity. He has determined that God would never deceive him, as wanting to deceive is a sign of malice or weakness, traits not pertaining to God. If God, then, does not deceive him, errors on his part must be of his own judgment. He uses God as a benchmark, saying he is somewhere between God and nothingness, between supreme being and non-being. In meditation number four, again he uses the craftsman analogy, that the more skilled the craftsman, the more perfect the creation. Since God created Descartes, he must be perfect, which leads him to believe that his making mistakes may be better than not doing so. Human free will is an issue that philosophers of every generation tackle in some form or another, and Descartes was no exception. When dealing with will, he believed that will is simply one’s ability to do or not do something, to accept or reject a proposition. This will is such that when a decision is presented to us, we have no sense that we are pushed one way or another by any external forces. He believed that freedom is strengthened by natural knowledge and divine grace, and that since God gave him the power of willing, it cannot be the cause of his mistakes. Simply, a mistake is made when one’s will extends beyond their intellect, when one applies will to matters they do not understand. This philosophy states that God has given him the freedom to choose his destiny in situations of which he does not have complete understanding, a view quite inconsistent with the beliefs of the time. Descartes could not have been an atheist and have come to the conclusions he did. The science of the time was a rigid belief that everything in the universe was bound by the laws of matter, and that it moved like a complex clock, everything pre-determined from the time it was created. A strong supporter of the idea of dualism, Descartes believed that the mind was not bound by the laws of matter and was intangible, a substance whose essence was thought. Since God created him, whatever he could conceive could also be created by God which is the founding principle of dualism. When he began to tear down his belief system, he needed a foundation on which to build his new knowledge. He proved the existence of God by using the hierarchy theory, that since none of the traits of God could be attributed to himself, they must have come from God. With this knowledge, Descartes tackled truth and falsity, the essence and existence of material things, and the real distinction between mind and body. All of which in some for or another were based on his foundation: that God exists and is not a deceiver. If he could prove the existence of God through methodical doubt, he could prove anything. He made this quite clear near the end of his fifth meditation; â€Å"I see plainly that the certainty and truth of all knowledge depends strictly on my awareness of the true God. So much that until I became aware of him I couldn’t perfectly know anything.

buy custom RFID in Pharmacy essay

buy custom RFID in Pharmacy essay Introduction According to Hunt, Puglia, Puglia (2007), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is defined as a technology that makes use of electrostatic or electromagnetic coupling which is found in the radio frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, for the purpose of uniquely identifying an animal, person, or object. The use of RFID system has become very common in various industries because it has been found to be more efficient and effective than the barcode technology (Hunt, Puglia, Puglia, 2007). Unlike the barcode technology, RFID does not require close proximity and line of sight to identify RFID tags. The tags can be read even when they are within a carton or any other container, and with this technology numerous objects can be identified simultaneously. RFID is comprised of two main parts: a reader which consists of a transceiver and an antenna, and a tag which is known as a transponder (Hunt, Puglia, Puglia, 2007). By use of radio frequency waves, the antenna transmits a signal to activate the tag which in return transmits data back. The transponder contains the RF circuitry and data to be transmitted, and the transceiver transfers the data to a computer system (Paret, 2005). The transmitted data may provide location or identification information, or the specifics regarding the commodity tagged, like color, date of purchase, and price. Some products like drugs need additional network known as the Electronic Product Code (EPC) network (Maynor, 2006). The EPC identifies objects as unique entities and can enhance tracking of the product throughout its lifecycle (Maynor, 2006). This can always reveal the manufacturer of the tagged objects as well as their nature and condition. Many patients have been dying in hospitals because of medical errors that can be prevented (Brown, 2006). The health professionals need safer systems in hospitals to achieve their goals of treating patients successfully. RFID is very effective and efficient when dealing with health care issues such as accurate identification of patients, identification of specific drugs and apparatus, appropriate action of treatment, avoidance of theft, and avoidance of counterfeit drugs and apparatus (Brown, 2006). This paper is meant to show how radio frequency identification technology can contribute to establishing a smart hospital through reduction of errors, improvement of patient safety, and optimization of business processes (Rosenberg, 2006). RFID Compliant Hospital According to Rosenberg (2006), many actors and assets of the hospital facilities need to be tagged with the RFID tags. So that the RFID technology can be meaningful: the medical apparatus must contain specific RFID tags, and it will be very important if the manufacturers put the standardized tags into the apparatus; the caregivers, nurses, doctors and other members of the medical staff should put on a smart badge which stores their employee identity number; before admission, each patient should be given a wristband that has the RFID tag containing information such as the patients unique code and digital picture; medical histories for all patients and other crucial documents must contain RFID self-adhesive labels with a unique number; all packages for drugs should bear RFID labels and these tags should preferably comply with EPC; and the blood bags should contain RFID self-adhesive labels that hold a unique identifier and specific information regarding the type of blood (Brown, 2006). The application of the RFID technology can maximize the workflows, improve the care for patients, minimize the operating and unnecessary costs, reduce thefts, and avoid the misidentification of patients. Identification of patients According to Burke, Weill (2008), it has become common that many patients remain misidentified during medical treatment at hospitals and other medical institutions. Health professionals are concerned with this issue because identification errors may result in prescription of wrong drugs or wrong dosage which may lead to health complications of the patient or even death. This usually happens when the laboratory results for the first patient, are taken to be the results of the second patient who is suffering from a different disease altogether. Healthcare professionals have found RFID technology as a technique that will be used to reduce the clinical errors and improve productivity and administration (Rosenberg, 2006). All patients are given wristbands that contain RFID chips during the time of admission. The RFID chip contains the patients unique identity number and relevant medical data such as the blood type of the patient, for efficient and effective treatment (Burke, Weill, 2008 ). However, care should be taken to avoid disclosing patients medical records. This is achieved by storing patients medcal data in a more secure database and not in the RFID chip. The database links the relevant medical data to the patients unique identity. Through RFID technology, the patients can receive correct medication and in correct dosages (Brown, 2006). Blood tracking Patients have been transfused with wrong blood type which leads to agglutination of the patients blood in the circulatory system. This is as a result of misidentification of both the blood and the patient to be transfused. Errors in blood transfusion frequently result in death of the patients (Burke, Weill, 2008). Typically, blood transfusion errors occur during bedside check before transfusion. Studies have shown that errors in blood transfusion are common for surgical patients because of distraction and urgency (Rosenberg, 2006). Health professionals perform the bedside check by use of eye readable data which is unmanageable in operating theater. The surgical patients are usually unconscious and they may not be able to state their names. Bedside check during blood transfusion should be addressed by the RFID technology (Brown, 2006). This technology can be used to track the specific bags of blood for each patient to ensure the patients are transfused with the correct blood type. Th e RFID chip at the wristband contains the required information which corresponds with the information in the RFID self-adhesive label on the bag of blood. RFID self-adhesive labels contain unique identification numbers and the information of the blood type contained in the bag (Shepard, 2005). The identification numbers and information must be saved in a more secure database that contains details regarding the origin of blood and the intended patient. The data from the RFID chip on the bag must match with that in the RFID chip on the patients wristband before blood transfusion takes place (Rosenberg, 2006). Operating theatre The most common surgical errors that are reported involve surgery on the wrong site or part of the body, wrong patient, or improper surgical procedure (Rosenberg, 2006). RFID technology will be the best option to ensure that proper operations are done on the right individuals. This can be achieved when the patients are given wristband containing RFID tags on admission. The RFID chips in these tags contain the patients digital picture and relevant personal information (Ahson, 2008). The digital photo enables the concerned health professional to confirm that they are dealing with the right patient, while the electronic record enables them to perform the right procedure of treatment. Health professional are instantly warned by the RFID computer system if there is a mismatch. Therefore, the operating theatre is made more efficient and safer because of the RFID tagging. RFID technology significantly reduces the costs and mistakes that occur during surgery. Anti-Counterfeiting of Drugs A very serious issue that pharmaceutical companies and health care institutions are experiencing is the drug counterfeiting. The counterfeit drugs are dangerous to patients because they may contain harmful substances. It has been found that the pharmaceutical companies are losing millions of money to the counterfeiting companies every year (Burke, Weill, 2008). Manufacture of counterfeit drugs and medical facilities can be avoided by use of RFID technology in the pharmaceutical companies and medical institutions (Reyes, 2011). The drug manufacturers should pack the prescription drugs together with specific RFID tags before the drugs are ferried to hospitals and other medical institutions. In some cases, bottle, pallets and cases are manufactured with RFID tags which bear a unique number that is used to record the information regarding all transactions the product is involved in (Ahson, 2008). This gives an electronic lineage through the entire supply chain of the drug from the drug manufacturer to hospitals and other health care institutions (Reyes, 2011). According to Reyes (2011), most manufacturers, drug stores, wholesalers, hospitals, and small retailers have acquired the RFID system and they can be able to verify the authenticity of their products by checking the database of the manufacture through the web. According to Maynor (2006), it will be crucial for the packaging of some products such as drugs be associated with additional networks like the Electronic Product Code (EPC) network in hospitals. The EPC compliant hospitals can be able to identify original drugs as unique entities and can easily track the product throughout its lifecycle to ensure that it is the right drug (Maynor, 2006). This can always reveal the manufacturer of the tagged objects as well as their nature and condition. These measures ensure that patients are given appropriate medication for good results. Tracking Staff, Patients, Medical Equiipment and Medical Documents The RFID technology has been found very effective for the fast and automated tracking of animals, people and assets (Shepard, 2005). This quality makes hospitals and other health care institutions to use the technology for efficient and effective tracking. The RFID compliant hospital is equipped with transceivers and antennas at strategic points such as entrances of recovery rooms, operating theatres, exists of important corridors, medical libraries, and main doors (Rosenberg, 2006). Due to the fact that important medical documents and histories are RFID tagged, the asset tracking application such as the RFID Locator makes it possible to locate the documents. This will significantly reduce the loss of medical documents both for patients and for the medical institutions asset records. Therefore, this technology will avoid unnecessary costs as well disclosure of patients medical information (Rosenberg, 2006). Assets tracking application makes it very efficient to trace and locate patients as well as staff members within the premises of large hospital. This can improve the workflow of nurses, doctors and other hospital staff (Rosenberg, 2006). They can also be located in real time and this is very important in hospitals with huge buildings. The RFID technology introduces an accurate and efficient inventory system because the tagged medical equipment can be traced and located easily. According to Want (2006), many corporate have used the RFID technology for updating their inventories. The RFID technology has been found to reduce assets loss which is considered the most often positive consequence. Finally, the tracking is very significant in averting vices such as theft. Avoid Theft of Equipment Expensive and sophisticated equipment are purchased for use in hospitals and this calls for maximum security. Lots of medical equipment is stolen or misplaced within hospitals every year because most hospitals lack efficient locating and tracking techniques like the use of RFID tags and transceivers (Rosenberg, 2006). Before the stolen equipments are declared as stolen, employees will be required to search for the equipments everywhere within the premises and in the neighboring environment which wastes many hours. Some employees may also be required to re-order for the missing equipment and therefore they will be diverted from management tasks or patient care for some hours. Therefore, the misplaced or stolen equipment may waste many other resources such as time, apart from money. The use of RFID technology will be the most effective way to avoid this issue of stealing or misplacing the medical equipment in hospitals and other medical institutions (Rosenberg, 2006). When the medical equipment contains the RFID tags, they can be tracked and traced easily which can save time and money for additional investment (Want, 2006). This can significantly reduce the risks of thefts because the technical staff will be aware of every apparatus exact location within the hospital premises. RFID tagging can be useful in identifying the stolen equipment and materials just like it can be used to detect the counterfeit equipment as well as drugs. If RFID tags are put at various points within the hospital premises like the main gate, they can help alerting the security personnel that medical materials and equipment stolen from the premises (Want, 2006). Earlier actions will then be taken to retain the medical equipment and avoid incurring unnecessary costs in re-ordering them. It has been found that the equipment and materials with more RFID tags will be detected easily therefore minimizing the chances of being stolen. Numerous RFID tags ensure that the thief canno t remove all the tags. It is also very important for the equipment to be manufactured with inbuilt RFID chips so that the thieves cannot be able to remove them (Yang, Rida, Tentzeris, 2009). Conclusion It is very critical to successfully manage large medical institutions like hospitals without employing advent technologies such as the Internet and RFID systems. These technologies can help reduce or avoid various problems that occur more often in hospitals other medical institutions. Some of these issues include accurate identification of patients, identification of specific drugs and apparatus, appropriate action of treatment, avoidance of theft in hospitals, and avoidance of counterfeit drugs and apparatus. RFID technology has been found very effective when dealing with these issues. Lives of many individuals have been saved because of better identification techniques, availability of enough medical facilities which are not stolen, doctors can be traced in real-time, and because the counterfeit drugs have been avoided due to RFID tagging. Therefore, RFID technology is a necessity for improved health services to patients. Buy custom RFID in Pharmacy essay

The Experience of the Black and Minority ethnic group (BME) community in accessing mental health services The WritePass Journal

The Experience of the Black and Minority ethnic group (BME) community in accessing mental health services Literature Review The Experience of the Black and Minority ethnic group (BME) community in accessing mental health services from:   www.audit-commission.gov.uk/reports/NATIONAL-REPORT.asp?CategoryID=ProdID=EA59CF1B-0157-4cdb-BCA5-D9579C4DBFE5 Belliapa, J. (1991). Illness or Distress? Alternative Models of Mental Health, London: Confederation of Indian Organisations. Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Positive Practice Guide (2009), Improving Access to Psychological Therapies, January (2009). Bowes, A., Dar, N., and Srivastava, A. (2000). Family Support and Community Care: A Study of South Asian Older People. Scottish Executive: Central Research Unit, Edinburgh. Bowl, R. (2007). Responding to ethnic diversity: black service users’ views of mental health services in the UK. Diversity in Health and Social Care, 4(3), 201-210. Bradby, H. (2010). Institutional Racism in Mental Health Services: The consequences of compromised conceptualization. Sociological Research Online, 15, 8. Burke, A. W. (1984).  Racism and psychological disturbance among west Indians in Britain.  International Journal of Social Psychiatry,  30,  50  -68. Caught between Stigma (2005). Black and minority ethnic communities and mental well-being in Kensington Chelsea and Westminster. Recommendations for improved service delivery and partnership with local communities. A report by the BME Health Forum and the Migrant Refugee Communities’ Forum, January 2005. Chakraborty, A., McKenzie, K. and King, M. (2002). Discrimination, ethnicity and psychosis – qualitative study. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. Chamba, R., Ahmad, W. Jones, L. (1998). Improving Services for Asian Deaf Children, Bristol: Policy Press. Chandler-Oatts, J., and Nelstrop, L. (2008). Listening to the voices of African-Caribbean mental health service users to develop guideline recommendations on managing violent behaviour. Diversity in Health and asocial Care, 5(1), 31-41. Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, 2005, Count me in, Results of a national census of inpatients in mental health hospitals and facilities in England and Wales, November 05. Corrigan, P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am Psychol, 59, 614-625. Department of Health (2005). Delivering Race Equality in Mental Health Care: An Action Plan for Reform Inside and Outside Services and The Government’s Response to the Independent Inquiry in to the Death of David Bennett. London: DH. Desai, S. (2006). Accounting for difference: analysis of nine murder inquiry reports involving black people with mental health problems, Diversity in Health and Social Care, 3(3), 203-210. Edge, D. (2011). ‘It’s leaflet, leaflet, leaflet then, ‘see you later’: black Caribbean women’s perceptions of perinatal mental health care’. British Journal of General Practice, 61(585), 256-262. Fearon et al. (2006) Incidence of Schizophrenia and other Psychoses in Ethnic Minority Groups: Results from the MRC AESOP Study. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1541-1550. Fernando, S. (1984). Racism as a cause of depression. International Journal of Social Psychiatry,  30,  41  -49. Harrison, G. (2002). ‘Ethnic minorities and the Mental Health Act’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 198-199. Hastings, R., Sjà ¶strà ¶m, K. Stevenage, S. (1998). Swedish and English adolescents’ attitudes toward the community presence of people with LD. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 314. Hatton, C., Azmi, S., Emerson E. And Caine, A. (1997). Researching the needs of South Asian people with learning difficulties and their families, Mental Health Care, 1, 91-94. Jervis, M. (1987). Across the cultural divide. Mental Handicap Bulletin 65, 10. Kirkbride, J. B., et al. (2008). Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status. British Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 18-24. Link, B. G., Phelan, J.C. Bresnahan, M. (1999). Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1328-1333. MacPherson, W. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: report of an inquiry by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny. London. Home Office, 4262-I. Obtained 26 July 2012 from: archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/4262.htm McKenzie, K. and Bhui, K. (2007). Institutional Racism in Psychiatry. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31, 397. McLeod, M., Owen, and Khamis, C. (2001). Black and minority ethnic voluntary and community organizations: their role and future development in England and Wales, Policy Studies Institute, London. McGrother, C. W., Bhaumik, S., Thorp., C. F., Watson, J. M. Taub, N. A. (2002). Prevalence, morbidity and service need among South Asian and White adults with intellectual disability in Leicestershire, UK. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, 299-309. Mhemooda, M. (2011) Enjoy, achieve and be healthy : the mental health of black and minority ethnic children and young people. Africa Trust, London. Modood, T., Berthoud, R., Lakey, J., et al (1997). Ethnic Minorities in Britain: Diversity and Disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute. Nazroo, J. (1997)  Ethnicity and Mental Health. London: Policy Studies Institute. Netto, G. (2006). Creating a suitable space: a qualitative study of the cultural sensitivity of counselling provision in the voluntary sector in the UK. Journal of Mental Health, 15(5), 593-604. Neeleman, J., Mak, V. Wessely, S. (1997)  Suicide by age, ethnic group, coroners verdict and country of birth. A three-year survey in inner London.  British Journal of Psychiatry,  171,  463  -467. Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire Strategic Health Authority (2003). Independent Inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Cambridge: Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire SHA. O’Hara, J. (2003). Learning disabilities and ethnicity: achieving cultural competence. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9, 166-176. Oommen, G, et al. (2009). Ageing, ethnicity and psychiatric services. Psychiatric Bulletin, 33(1), 30-34. Patel, K., and Heginbotham, C. (2007). Institutional racism in mental health does not imply racism in individual psychiatrist. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31, 367-368. Real Voices (2003) Survey findings from a series of community consultation events involving Black and Minority Ethnic groups in England, Department of Health. Retrieved July 27, 2012 from: lincoln.ac.uk/ccawi/esc/esc_web/assets/pdfs/mod5-realVoices.pdf Rethink (2007) Our voice: the Pakistani community’s view of mental health and mental health services in Birmingham: report from the Aap Ki Awaaz project, Care Services Improvement Partnership. Rimmerman, A. (1998). Factors relating to attitudes of Israeli corporate executives toward the employability of persons with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental, 23, 245-254. Sasidharan, S.P. (2003)  Inside Outside: Improving mental health services for black and minority ethnic communities in England.  London: Department of Health. Singh, S. P. (2007). Institutional racism in psychiatry: lessons from inquiries. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31. Soteri, A. (2002). Funding in London Women’s Organisations: A First Report. Centre for Institutional Studies, University of East London, Working Paper. Yee, L., and Mussenden, B. (2000). Best Value for Black Communities. Race on the Agenda, London.

Individual theories of delinquency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual theories of delinquency - Essay Example The choice theories have their basis on criminology classical school. The main emphasize here is on one’s potential to come up with certain choices. According to these theories, delinquency and various antisocial behaviour results from different traits and processes that are biological such as the dysfunction of the brain and several others. The psychological theories just like the choice theories mainly traces the delinquency causes on different factors in an individual. However, the key focus is mainly on the individual’s intelligence, temperament and juvenile personality. According to Siegel and Welsh (2010), the first explanation of crime was that individuals make various choices with regard to their behaviour. The assumption was that every individual has the free will in choosing behaviour and that those who opt to violate the law were driven mainly by their own greed, survival, vengeance or even morals. Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham who were utilitarian philosophers argued that in most cases individuals consider their action’s consequences before making any move on behaviour course. The scholars’writings formed the ancient classical criminology basis. Currently it is known as the rational choice theory. Choice theory assumption is that individual’s behaviour is a consequence that is directly linked to one’s conscious decisions either to be involved or not in a specific behaviour. According to the criminology classical school, the juveniles are people who are rational and intelligent with great potential to come up with different choices. Hence, this theory insists that before any action, young individuals calculate their behaviours costs and benefits. This theory further adds that crime is the outcome of supposing that greater gains will result from disobeying the law rather than following it. In most

Jefferson State Community College Birmingham, AL Campus Police Research Paper

Jefferson State Community College Birmingham, AL Campus Police - Research Paper Example This essay will review the campus police department at the Jefferson State Community College Birmingham, addressing several factors about the police department. These factors include issues such as the jurisdiction that the department covers, the primary crime problems and measures taken to prevent them, the campus crime trends over the past five years, how the department interacts with other law enforcement agencies, qualifications of officers in the department, training and certification of the officers and campus statistics among other issues. Introduction Campus or university police in the US and other countries are sworn law enforcement agents deployed to colleges and universities with a view to provide protection in the campus and its environs, and persons who visit, work or live in it. In Jefferson State Community College, the Jefferson State Police Department is tasked with upholding law and order in the community. These officers are sworn personnel who work in collaboration with campus security officers to contain and prevent crimes and civil unrest problems such as riots and other unruly behavior by students in and around the campus premises. While campus police sometimes employ and train students to serve as escorts to other students, campus police in Jefferson State Community College have the ultimate task of ensuring overall security throughout the entire campus. Jefferson State Community College campus police have immeasurable merit in the performance of their duties within the diverse college community. Discussion Jurisdiction Covered by the Campus Police Department The Jefferson State Community College campus police has jurisdiction over all accidents that take place on campus grounds. The campus police are tasked with completing all the necessary accident reports necessitated by state and federal law. In addition, the campus police assist students who encounter vehicular problems while on campus grounds. In addition, the campus police departmen t entails the protection of life and property within the campus. This encompasses students and college faculty and the college’s property, as well as individuals’ property (JSCC, 2011). It is also within the campus police jurisdiction to keep up a successful and efficient parking system within the campus and maintain a viable traffic system that allows for easy movement in and around the college premises. The police also provide driving directions for those who work, visit, or live on the college premises. It is also the campus police department’s work to report serious crimes to law enforcement agencies and assist the latter in conducting investigations. Moreover, the campus police officers, who have fully-fledged arresting powers, ensure law and order by arresting disorderly and unruly members of the college community and presenting them to the school’s disciplinary committee. The Jefferson State Community College campus police are also mandated with th e response, investigation, as well as prosecution of criminal indignations that take place on campus grounds. Crime Problems and Preventative Measures The predominant crime problems within the campus are burglary, road accidents, possession and distribution of drugs, disorderly conduct and possession of firearms. In order to prevent the incident of in-campus road accidents, the campus requires that all students

Linking pay to employee performance ( related pay performance ) Assignment

Linking pay to employee performance ( related pay performance ) - Assignment Example For the government, pay levels have an impact on macro-economic factors, such as employment, inflation, purchasing power and socio-economic development.   Even though basic pay makes up a significant portion of the total compensation, the employer is also affected by the benefits offered to the employees, such as fringe benefits, cash and non- cash benefits. In the majority of developed countries and countries with high personal tax rates, the benefits component of executive compensation has been consistently increasing over the past few years (Silva, 1998).   Performance related pay (PRP) â€Å"links reward or salary progression to some form of performance rating. This could be part of a performance management or appraisal system, or it could be based on a separate appraisal of performance exclusively for pay purposes.† (Armstrong, 2001). PRP has assumed growing significance in the present times with more and more organisations adopting measures to motivate their workforce. The objective is to drive performance levels by linking employee rewards with organisational goals and objectives (CIPD, 2011).   Pay can have one or more objectives that can be categorised under four heads. The first objective is equity. This can be achieved through various means, such as adjusting income distribution in such a way to reduce the disparity in income levels; bringing the pay levels of the lowest paid employees on par with the rest of the organisation; safeguarding real wages, and ensuring uniform pay for work of equal value. Even differences in pay is made on the basis of skills or performance levels, it is connected to equity (Silva, 1998). The second objective of efficiency has a relationship with the first objective of equity. Efficiency objective comes into play when a part of the pay is linked to employee performance and contribution to the organisation. Macro-economic stability is the third

Does fair play have an important role in competitive sport Essay Example for Free

Does fair play have an important role in competitive sport Essay From the time of gods and goddesses, they have been competing in friendly sports and throughout time, it evolved into sports and even Olympics. From the time that sports were invented, the concept of fair play or sportsmanship was not yet apparent. But when sports were finally considered of great importance, the concept of fair play became universally understood. Basically, fair play is sportsmanship. For some, both players and audiences alike, consider it as the â€Å"golden rule† in sports. In fair play, you treat your team mates and opponents as someone you would like to be treated as. You show respect for yourself, your team mates, and your rivals. You should also demonstrate respect for both coaches of the opposing teams and other important figures in the field like the umpires, judges and other officials. (Sanders, 2005) But in modern times, it does not only apply to the players; consequently, it now also applied to the people watching the game. It now developed into an attitude that may influence the players, audiences and the game. (Sanders, 2005) In every sport, there is always a loser and a winner. But, the greatness of the game relies on how the players played the sport. And consequently, their sportsmanship should also be apparent in their game. It is undeniable that winning feels great but being a sport has a great role in a winner’s game. It can make or break a game. Today, when sports become an alley for talented players to become superstars, the spirit of sports become plagued. In retrospect, we have to keep in mind that being a sport has its advantages—and winning the game is one of it. While playing, playing fair not only helps to win a game but it also builds character. With the help of the coach, the athletes can reach their highest potential and so, they become better players and human beings. (Fakehany) Since sportsmanship is an attitude, it also teaches valuable lessons and builds character to a person. It has become a way of life both in and out of the field. And these very same attitudes help a person to be ready not just in the court but also outside (i. e. corporate life). How we play a game makes us introspective in a sense that it assists us to re-evaluate ourselves and reflect on our behaviors. www. yogiberramuseum. org, 2005) Sportsmanship is also vital so as not have massive brawls and misunderstanding in a competition. Fair play creates a friendly atmosphere wherein athletes can really enjoy the game from the beginning until the end. Unconsciously, it creates the mood of the entire game and it lessens the tendency of the players to have arguments. It makes both the opposing teams feel as if that they are not competing at all but more of a friendly competition. Peak) Research analysts have also done studies wherein it supports that indeed, fair play is a factor to win or how the team approaches the game. Apologists of sports say reiterate that fair play is a great way to avoid addiction and violence. For them, it is a mere socialization of the players with one another. And thus, it implies that because of fair play, players have more blissful and energetic strategy as compared with players who does not have a sense of sportsmanship. (GA. , 2005) Earlier, we have said that winning is a big part of a game. But definitely, there are always two sides in a story. Generally, competitors view winning as unimportant but the more aggressive view is that, it is the only thing. And, the main reason why we compete in a sport is to ultimately win the game. We usually strive to win. This very same reason makes us ponder why fair play plays an important role in a competitive sport. Firstly, when we want to compete, we assume that our competitor will also give his/her one hundred percent and they will also strive to win. And to eventually win the game, both of you will give your best. When we give your best, alongside with it comes all your athletic ability and might hoping that in the end, you will be successful. This is the mere essence of competition and sports—to win—but more importantly, to play the game fair. (Feigley, 2007) This philosophy is vice versa—for the player to win, he must give his best so that his best will let him win. Additionally, when both players give their best efforts, there will always be another chance where the two of you will meet again. This will be an advantage on both parts because through this, you now both know the strengths and weaknesses of each other. And because of this, both of the players can now plan their strategies so that they can beat the opponent next time they meet. And in so doing, they can also improve their skills and sports. In conjunction with such, the player must play fair so that both can give their best efforts that will eventually give them a sense of satisfaction. Also, as mentioned above, playing fair is also a form of socialization. When we enter into a competition, we should also bear in mind that after every after game, there will always be another chance wherein the two of you will meet again. It will also be an advantage to know your opponent not just on the court but more so, personally. You cannot just discuss your strategies but also, you can also create camaraderie, connections and friendships. This is an advantage for both players because you not only gave the audience what they are craving for; but also, it also shows that you can be defeated gracefully, which is commendable in the audiences point of view. Being a sport also gives the player a sense of â€Å"self-improvement†. Further elaborated, when the player becomes the loser, this gives him a lesson that he should constantly improve his sport or craft so that next time, he will win. Now, in view point of the winner, this does not mean that he should always be confident in his abilities. He should also be constantly honing his talent because there will always be someone out there that is better than him that might outshine him one day. Fair play serves as a constant reminder for both the player to always sharpen their respective craft to improve themselves and consequently, achieve their primary goal—which is, to win. Now, like mentioned from above, fair play does not only apply to the player. It should also apply to the other people that are prominent in a game like the coaches and other officials. There is no denying that coaches are a huge factor to develop a character and sense of sportsmanship of a player. They serve as the primary teacher which teaches us to be not just great players but also, as the ones that we take our basic course in sports. Now, since they are considered as the first teachers, it is inevitable that they should also serve as role models for players. Players should not be treated as the only stars in the game. The coaches and officials should also be a sport. This does not only break the rule of being a â€Å"teacher’ but also, it conforms to the notion of fair play. Coaches should also be able to accept winning and defeat gracefully. This does not only generate respect from the audience but more importantly, they also earn the respect of their fellow coaches and officials. And when they have already earned that respect, they should also learn to repay it to their players. With every lesson or new technique or strategy that they teach their players, it should also be accompanied with the constant lesson that the players should also learn how to be humble, or, in other words, be a sport. The whole concept of fair play will not be complete without being empathetic with the audiences. We have seen in televisions how the audiences react whenever their favorite soccer team makes a goal. The audiences should also have a proper etiquette whenever they watch their favorite team play. More often than not, audiences get too excited for their teams and eventually, it causes chaos in more ways than one. The audience should also have a concept of fair play so that there will be no casualties (both physical and egoistical) in the end. Just like their idols, they should also learn to accept defeat gracefully and understandingly. The concept of fair play or sportsmanship has been a â€Å"golden rule† in the world of sports ever since time in memoriam. Basically, it only states that players should show respect and should be fair in following the rules of the game. Not only should it apply for the players but also, for the coaches, officials and the audiences as well. Practicing fair play plays a great role in winning a game because it becomes a part of the whole game itself. Being fair implies a big responsibility not just for the players but also for the coaches, officials and the audiences as well. In playing fair, the player can re-evaluate his abilities and the strategies that he is employing if ever he losses a game. But this does not mean that the winner should now be always confident; he should rather practice more so as to hone his skills and so that, he can maintain his winning streak. Also, being fair builds camaraderie amongst players. For some, it is a form of socialization. Not only does it create friendships but also, it can also be a foundation of connections and a little bit of fame. Still, in a player’s point of point of view, it builds character. Generally, in sports, the coaches are considered as the first teachers of the athletes. They are the ones that should be responsible for how players behave and carry out the game. More importantly, they are the ones that sportsmanship should be highly visible because after all, they are the ones that created great, responsible and humble players. They should also know how to accept defeat gracefully because after all, in every game, there is always a winner and a loser. This should also be true for the officials because it is in their hands that the whole flow of the game lies. Also, they are considered as the â€Å"big boss† in a game and consequently, they can serve as a door for opportunities and a great entertainment for the audience. Lastly, to make this whole philosophy be holistic, it should also apply with the audiences. Around the world, there have been hundred reports that a simple game between two rival soccer teams causes many casualties and even suspensions for both teams. Audiences should know how to act properly in a game and should not be over excited regarding their respective teams. They should practice the concept of sportsmanship so that everything will be fair. In conclusion, the concept of sportsmanship has long been around and it is practiced since time in memoriam. It is an unwritten wherein it can save or break a game (or in some cases, even players and managers). Since it is a rule, it should be respected; but there are also situations where it has been violated and the violators have paid their price. To break it down, it is just a simple rule but pertains a heavy load of responsibility and consequences. And these consequences are downright heavy so it is will be much better for the players to just practice this philosophy so as not to get their selves into a big trouble and maybe one day, save their lives.